Machines

Machine
A machine is any tool or device that enables us to do work easily, quickly and conveniently.


a. Simple machine


Simple machine is a tool that allows us to use less force to do work. It can make our jobs easier or faster.


There are seven types of simple machines.

inclined plane

screw

lever

wedge

wheel and axle

pulley

Simple machines make work easier for us by allowing us to push or pull over increased distances. 

There are SIX simple machines: 

Type	Example	Activity
1.   Pulley - How Stuff Works A pulley is a simple machine that uses grooved wheels and a rope to raise, lower or move a load.		Pulleys
2.   Lever - Enchanted Learning animations A lever is a stiff bar that rests on a support called a fulcrum which lifts or moves loads.		Levers
3.   Wedge - pictures using LEGO bricks A wedge is an object with at least one slanting side ending in a sharp edge, which cuts material apart.		Wedges
4.   Wheel & Axle - Activity using pencils and thread spools A wheel with a rod, called an axle, through its center lifts or moves loads.		Wheels
5.   Inclined Plane - pictures using LEGO bricks An inclined plane is a slanting surface connecting a lower level to a higher level.		Inclined Planes
6.   Screw - Activity using pencil and paper in a new way A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a pole which holds things together or lifts materials.		Screws

b. Complex machines
A tool or devices use more than one simple machine is a complex machine.

Scissors - Wedge, lever, screw

Mechanical pencil sharpener - Wedge, wheel and axle

Step ladder - Inclined plane, screw

Hand drill - Wedge, gear, wheel and axle, screw

Remote control car - Gear, wheel and axle, screw

Puncher - Lever, wedge, screw

                Wrap It Up

1	Machines are tools or objects that help us do work faster and easier.
2	A simple machine is a simple device or tool that allows us to use less force to make our jobs easier or faster.
3	There are various types of simple machines, such as the wheel and axle, lever, wedge, pulley, gear, inclined plane and screw,
4	The wheel and axle is a tool that consists of a wheel that is joined to an axle.
5	A lever consists of a rod that is supported at a fixed point called the fulcrum.
6	A wedge is any tool that has an inclined plane on one or both sedes of its surfaces.
7	A pulley is a machine that has a grooved wheel which moves freely with a rope or chain which passes around it.
8	Cears consist of teethed wheel or cylinder which are usually placed together.
9	An inclined plane is a slant surface that connects two surfaces of different levels.
10	A screw is a cylindrical object that has a spiral inclined palne called thread.
11	Complex machines are tools or objects that are made up of more than one simple machine.
12	We need to appreciate the invention of machines because they help us in doing our jobs faster, easier and conveniently.

Check Your Understanding

                                                                                                                                                                       

1	Fill in the blanks with the correct answers from the box below.
	Pulley	Wedge	Lever	screw
	Inclined plane		Wheel and axle
	(a)       A simple machine that helps to raise the load is called                .
	(b)       The nail is being pulled out using a simple machine called             .
	(c)   A razor blade is used for shaving. The simple machine is called                             .   2 Match the statement below with the correct answers. It can rotate other  components. gear A pulley system comprises of more than one pulley. wheel and axle The car is going up the slope of a bredge. inclined plane The simple machine presents in a watch. complex machine   3 What simple machines does this tool have?   I  wedge II  pulley III  lever A    I   only B    I and  II only C    II  and  III only D    I,  II  and III VOCABULARY English Bahasa Melayu bolt bolt complexmachine mesin kompleks daily chores kerja harian fulcrum fulkrum groove alur hand drill gerudi tangan inclined plane satah condong lever tuas lid penutup load beban nut nat prying out mencungkil pulley takal screw skru simple machine mesin ringkas thread bebenang wedge baji wheel and axle roda dan gandar